In large cities, recently there is an unfavorable ecological situation. To reduce the risk of dangerous diseases, people began to pay attention to many small things. This also applies to water, since it depends on its quality that the correct functioning of many body systems depends. To improve the quality of the fluid consumed, people use mitigation and purification. Specialists are developing new technologies to improve the purification process.
It is necessary to understand what hard water is so dangerous. To begin with, you can take at least scum, which remains on the dishes. A similar situation occurs with the human body. Some do not pay due attention to this issue and do not go into the essence of the problem. But in fact it is very serious.
Rigid water leaves scum, which some have learned to remove very well, considering that the main problem is eliminated. But it is much deeper. And it's worth remembering and knowing always.
Water pollutes not only the dishes and pipes, which flows, but also the human body. This in turn causes various serious diseases that can develop into chronic ones. It's like a wrong way of life, to which a person should constantly. Even a small use of such water leaves its own, though at first glance invisible, trace on the functioning of the body.
Using hard water also leads to unnecessary waste. Do not be surprised that the bills for water have increased, because its consumption increased when washing. And all because of the increased rigidity. In addition, the salt remaining on the clothes after washing is very difficult to rinse out. That's extra costs. Detergents are less effective in hard water, their consumption is also increasing.
Some people are of the opinion that filtering is not so necessary, and filtering devices are too expensive luxury. But those who have already tried them, were convinced that this is not only an economy, but also a concern for themselves and their relatives. Absence of scale, white divorces on clothing, and most importantly - a healthy body. All this you get using water treatment technology. And you yourself will notice a significant difference between hard and softened water.
Scale damage
The formation of scale on the heating elements of household appliances worsens the thermal conductivity. And as a result - a breakdown. You can, of course, remove scum from time to time, but this will not solve the problem, but simply postpone the inevitable.
The formation of scale on the devices overrides the transfer of heat. At first, heat is still coming, but already at the first stages more energy or fuel is used to heat water. Over time, heating becomes more difficult, and the amount of scale on the heating element increases. But this is not the only problem. To protect yourself from excessive heating, the device switches off accidentally. This is the first alarm bell! It is necessary to clean, otherwise combustion is inevitable. If the scum continues to accumulate, then in time a calcareous stone is formed. To clean it will have to spend a lot more time and effort. And if it is not cleaned, the device may explode, as heat will not come out. Water treatment technologies will help to avoid these and many other problems.
If this problem is of a household scale, then problems with devices, breakdowns, and, perhaps, even a burnout of the wiring can not be avoided. In industry, the consequences are even larger. On the pipes fistula is formed, in the heat power industry, boil explosions are possible.
The reasons why you should take care of water treatment, you can list a lot more. If you revise the above information, then make sure to think about this technology is now. This will not only make life easier for you, but it will save your equipment, and you do not need to exert additional effort to clean the heating elements. But do not forget when choosing a water treatment technology, which, in addition to mitigation, also requires other properties. You do not need to save on your health.
Water treatment technology
The water that should be cleaned is of two types:
- Drinking;
- Household.
It is from this that the way of water treatment will depend. If it is sufficient to use an electromagnetic radiator to purify water for domestic needs, more drastic measures will be required for drinking water. Various methods of cleaning can be used to make water suitable for drinking. It can be a filter for minimal cleaning. If the degree of pollution is high, then reverse osmosis cleaning will be required. With this method, the absence of softening of the scale will be the most effective and, as a consequence, the lack of scale.
What is the essence of water treatment technology?
In order to choose the right method, it is important to designate the goals of the purification process.
Determination of the appropriate type of water treatment
In order to know how the filtration elements should be equipped, it is necessary to correctly determine the type of water treatment, to identify its goals and objectives.
To do this, the chemical composition of the water is first investigated. It provides all the necessary information, such as the presence of additives and impurities, as well as the volume of water. Carrying out this analysis allows you to choose the right cleaning method. Based on the obtained data, a scheme for arranging filter elements is compiled, and the necessary power is calculated.
If you use water from a system that is being cleaned, this does not guarantee that you do not have any stiffness in it. In order to maintain their health, a chemical analysis should be carried out. This will help you select the appropriate filter. In addition, there are cases where lower power is required than the person was going to acquire. As a result of the research, he managed to save money.
There are four main technologies for water treatment:
- Chemical;
- Mechanical;
- Disinfection;
- Micro-cleaning.
- A little open each cleaning method.
With the help of chemical cleaning, all kinds of impurities are purified. Also, chlorine, nitrates and iron are removed.
Distilled water is obtained as a result of micro-cleaning. This is absolutely pure liquid.
There are a lot of water filters at the moment. All of them are different in their structure and work on a specific technology.
Mechanical technology is used to purify water from heavy organic impurities. This purification process goes through several stages. At the initial stage, rough cleaning takes place. Sometimes we use defending. For this, grid filters of sedimentary or gravel type are used.
Several nets of different sizes form a screen filter. Due to the different throughput of each of the elements, filtration of solid particles of different sizes takes place. Nets for filters are made mainly of stainless steel. Usually, this technology and screen filters are used in the earliest stages of water purification, with the first fence.
Sediment filters are designed for more thorough cleaning. With their help, the microparticles are removed. Quartz sand acts as a filtering material here. The preparation of water in the workplace or the treatment of effluents presuppose the use of sedimentary filters. They are used for re-cleaning.
The intermediate stage between the sedimentary and screen filters is the cartridges. Secondary purification on reverse osmosis occurs with their use. They are capable of detaining very small particles.
Quite promising in recent years has become a chemical purification technology. With its help, the chemical composition of water is adjusted. With the help of ion exchange simultaneously with purification, water softens, iron and chlorine are removed. The state of water during the purification process, which is carried out autonomously, does not change.
To extract iron, manganese cyanide is used. This sand of a greenish shade actively contacts the iron compounds and extracts them as much as possible. To catalyze reactions, as well as increase the efficiency of the purification process, silicon is added.
To purify water from various impurities, oxidation is used. The essence of this method consists in blowing water with oxygen, as a result of which the iron remains on the cartridge of the special filter. This method is for non-reagents and does not involve the use of chemicals.
In order to soften the hard water, ion exchange devices are used. Such filtering devices are convenient both for use in large production plants and for domestic needs. The essence of this type of filter is that light sodium ions on the resin cartridge can be replaced without any problems by elements of heavy metals from water. It is also able to delay and additives. The ionization process is completed after the cartridge is completely filled with salts.
Such installations are considered the most widely used in industrial production. They are popular due to the high speed of the cleaning process. The only drawback of them are large sizes. High tanks are quite cumbersome, but the efficiency of these installations is great. If such devices are used for domestic purposes, then the cartridges should be replaced after they are filled with salts. On industrial production the cartridge is restored and applied again. A filter of this type refers to reagent. That is why it was not used for purification of drinking water. But after the cartridges became replaceable, it became possible.
In order to restore the cartridge in production, a salt solution is used. Despite the fact that salt is inexpensive it is an additional cost, as it requires a lot, and cleaning is required to be carried out regularly. Another nuance of recovery is the allocation of harmful waste. It requires special permission to conduct this procedure and post-treatment, since without them the release of generated waste into the atmosphere is strictly prohibited. Therefore, additional cleaning is another expense item. But these costs still will not be compared with the cost of reverse osmosis, and in the view of production scales and are considered to be insignificant.
As for the application of ion exchange filters in everyday life, they do not cost too much. But the constant replacement of cartridges is a significant cost, since replacement of the reagent must be carried out quite often, so that the ionization process is effective.
New methods of water treatment
In the home, water can also be cleaned with filter jugs. But a constant filter change is quite expensive. With this in mind, it will be more profitable to buy a reverse osmosis apparatus.
Sorbed filters are also used. They are based on activated carbon, which is capable of extracting residual chlorine, and also remove a murky color.
To disinfect the water, ozonizers and ultraviolet filters are used. With their help, absolute purification of water from a variety of pathogenic microorganisms is carried out. Ozonizers are quite expensive, but they are very effective. In addition, such devices are environmentally friendly. Very often they are used for water purification in swimming pools. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, all microorganisms perish. This is what laid the foundation for a reagentless ultraviolet filter.
In the heat power industry it has become quite popular to apply electromagnetic water softening. This technology is also applicable on a household scale. With the help of the electric processor and the magnets that are the basis of the equipment, the effect is exerted on the salts that impart rigidity to the water. They change their state under magnetic waves. Thus, the water softens. In addition, the modified salts are able to destroy the old scale, since they do not stick over, but wash it. This process is quite effective.
The effect of installing such a softener will be noticeable in a month. If you want to check - just remove the boiler and you will see a positive result. This device is quite practical, since it does not need additional maintenance. It is also very convenient for installation, which can be done independently without problems. The only nuance is that the pipe for its installation should be perfectly clean. For this purpose, it will be better to replace the segment where you will install the electromagnetic softener.
One of the last, quite effective technologies is nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. With this method, distilled water can be obtained. Cleaning is done at the level of molecules. This is a rather delicate process. Water overcomes a special dispersed membrane, in which there are holes of miniature dimensions. The nuance of this method is the need for preliminary preparation. To begin with, it is necessary to purify from larger particles and only then apply reverse osmosis technology. Such installations are quite expensive. The same applies to the replaced elements. But despite this, they are very popular, because they provide the highest quality of the purification process.
Each method of water treatment is unique and has its advantages and disadvantages. Having become acquainted with this article, choosing a water treatment system will be much easier. I use the above data, you can easily purchase a water purification plant that is suitable for your case, both for household use and for industrial production.