Water treatment is the most important issue in heat power engineering. Water is the basis of the work of such enterprises, so its quality and content are carefully monitored. CHP are very important for the life of the city and residents, without them it is impossible to exist in the cold season. The quality of water depends on the operation of the CHP. The work of heat power engineering is impossible today without water treatment. Due to the paralysis of the system, there is a breakdown of the equipment, and as a result, poorly purified, poor-quality water, steam. This can occur because of poor-quality cleaning and water softening. Even if scaling is constantly removed, this will not save you from over-consumption of fuel materials, formation and spread of corrosion. The only and most effective solution to all subsequent problems is careful preparation of water for use. When developing the system for cleaning, the source of water intake must be taken into account.
There are two types of load: thermal and electrical. If there is a thermal load, the electric one is in the first subordinate. With the electric load the situation is reversed, it is not dependent on the second one and can work without its presence. There are situations in which both types of load are combined. With water treatment, this process uses all the heat completely. The conclusion can be made such that the efficiency at the CHP significantly exceeds it at IES. As a percentage: 80 to 30. Another important point: heat over long distances is almost impossible to transmit. That is why the CHP should be built near or on the territory of the city, which will use it.
Disadvantages of water treatment at the CHPP
The negative moment in the process of water treatment is the formation of an insoluble precipitate formed when the water is heated. It is very difficult to delete. During the disposal of the raid, the whole process stops, the system is disassembled, and only after that it is possible to clean the hard-to-reach places qualitatively. What harms the scum? It interferes with the thermal conductivity and, accordingly, the costs increase. Know that even with a small amount of plaque, fuel consumption will increase.
It is impossible to permanently remove scaling, but it is necessary to do this every month. If you do not do this, the scale will increase constantly. Accordingly, cleaning the equipment will require much more time, effort and material costs. In order not to stop the entire process and not incur losses, you must regularly monitor the cleanliness of the system.
Signs of the need for cleaning:
- sensors that protect the system from overheating will function;
- heat exchangers and boilers are blocked;
- there are explosive situations and fistulas.
All this - the negative consequences of not being removed in time to scale, which will lead to breakages and losses. In a short time you can lose equipment that costs a lot of money. The descaling leads to a deterioration in the quality of the surface. Water treatment does not eliminate scale, you can do it only with the use of special equipment. In the case of damaged and deformed surfaces, the scale will form faster in the future, and corrosive deposits will also appear.
Water treatment at mini thermal power plants
Preparation of drinking water includes a lot of processes. Before the start of water treatment, a thorough analysis of the chemical composition should be carried out. What is he like? Chemical analysis shows the amount of fluid that needs to be cleaned daily. Indicates the impurities that must be eliminated first. The preparation of water in mini heat and power plants can not be carried out in full without this procedure. Water hardness is an important indicator that must be determined. Many problems of the state of water are associated with its rigidity and the presence of deposits of iron, salts, silicon.
The big problem with each CHP is the presence of impurities in the water. These include potassium and magnesium salts, iron.
The main task of the CHP is to provide residential facilities of the settlement with heated water and heating. The preparation of water in such plants implies the use of softeners, additional filter systems. Each stage of cleaning involves the passage of water through the filters, without them the process is impossible.
Water treatment at mini thermal power plants
Preparation of drinking water includes a lot of processes. Before the start of water treatment, a thorough analysis of the chemical composition should be carried out. What is he like? Chemical analysis shows the amount of fluid that needs to be cleaned daily. Indicates the impurities that must be eliminated first. The preparation of water in mini heat and power plants can not be carried out in full without this procedure. Water hardness is an important indicator that must be determined. Many problems of the state of water are associated with its rigidity and the presence of deposits of iron, salts, silicon.
The big problem with each CHP is the presence of impurities in the water. These include potassium and magnesium salts, iron.
The main task of the CHP is to provide residential facilities of the settlement with heated water and heating. The preparation of water in such plants implies the use of softeners, additional filter systems. Each stage of cleaning involves the passage of water through the filters, without them the process is impossible.
Stages of water treatment:
The first stage is clarification. First of all, the water is clarified, since it enters the mini CHP system is very dirty. At this stage, settling tanks and mechanical filters are used. The principle of the settling tanks is that the solid impurities drop downwards. Filters consist of stainless grilles and have different sizes. The first to catch large impurities, then go grids of medium size. The last to catch the smallest impurities. Also important is the use of coagulants and flocculants, with the help of which various kinds of bacteria are destroyed. Thanks to pure water washing, such filters can be ready for the next use.
The second stage is disinfection and disinfection of water. At this stage, an ultraviolet lamp is used to ensure total irradiation of the entire volume of water. Thanks to ultraviolet, all pathogenic microorganisms perish. The second stage also involves disinfection, in the process of which chlorine or harmless ozone is used.
The third stage is water softening. It is characterized by the use in home conditions of ion-exchange systems, electromagnetic softeners. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Reagent upholding is popular, the lack of which is the formation of deposits. These insoluble impurities are further difficult to remove.
The fourth stage is desalination of water. At this stage, anion filters are used: calciner, electrodiadisers, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. The desalting process is possible by any of the above standard methods.
The fifth stage is deaeration. This is an obligatory stage, which follows a fine cleaning. Systems for purification from gas impurities are of a vacuum type, as well as atmospheric and thermal. As a result of the action of deaerators, dissolved gases are eliminated.
Perhaps, these are all the most important and necessary processes that are carried out for make-up water. Then there follow the general processes for the preparation of the system and its individual components. After all of the above, the boiler should be flushed, during which wash filters are used. At the end, the water treatment of the mini CHPP includes steam flushing. This process uses chemical reagents, desalting water. They are quite diverse.
In Europe, water treatment for mini CHP has found a very wide application. Due to the qualitative carrying out of this process, the coefficient of efficiency increases. For a better effect, it is necessary to combine traditional, proven cleaning methods and new, modern ones. Only then can you achieve a high result and a high-quality water treatment system. With competent use and constant improvement, the mini CHP system will serve for a long time and quality, and most importantly without interruptions and breakdowns. Without changing the elements, and without repairs, the service life is from thirty to fifty years.
Water treatment systems for CHPP
Still some important information that I would like to convey to the reader about the water treatment system at the CHP plant and their water treatment plants. In this process, different types of filters are used, it is important to take responsibility for its choice and use the appropriate one. Often, several different filters are used, which are connected in series. This is done to ensure that the stages of water softening and removal of salts from it go well and efficiently. The use of an ion exchange unit is most often carried out in the purification of water with high rigidity. Visually, it has the appearance of a high cylindrical tank and is often used in industry. The composition of this filter is one more, but smaller, it is called the regeneration tank. Since the operation of the CHP is uninterrupted, the installation with the ion-exchange mechanism is multistage and has up to four different filters. The system is equipped with a controller and one control unit. Any filter used is equipped with a personal regeneration tank.
The task of the controller is to monitor the amount of water that has passed through the system. Also, it controls the volume of water purified by each filter, records the cleaning period, the amount of work and its speed over a certain time. The controller transmits the signal further on the installation. Water with high rigidity should be applied to other filters, and the used cartridge is restored for later use. The latter is removed and transferred to a tank for regeneration.
Water treatment scheme for CHPP
The basis of the ion-exchange cartridge is resin. It is enriched with a mild sodium. When water comes into contact with sodium-enriched resin, transformations and reincarnations take place. Sodium is replaced by strong hard salts. Over time, the cartridge is filled with salts, and the process of recovery occurs. It is transferred to the regeneration tank, where the salts are located. The solution, which contains salt, is very saturated (≈ 10%). It is thanks to this high content of salts that hardness is eliminated from the removable element. After the washing process, the cartridge is again filled with sodium and ready for use. Waste with a high salt content is re-cleaned and only then can be disposed of. This is one of the drawbacks of such installations, since it requires considerable material costs. Plus, the speed of water purification is higher than that of other similar installations.
Mitigation of water should be given special attention. If the preparation of water is not done qualitatively and save, you can lose much more and get the costs incommensurable with the savings in water treatment.
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